Kangura "Awakening"
The newspaper Kangura, controlled by Hutu extremist, added fuel to the Hutu and Tutsi ethnical dispute throughout Rwanda. The Kangura was established in the 1990s as a response to the Rwandan Patriotic Front invasion. This newspapers intentions mainly focused on publicizing hate towards Tutsi, and dealing with those Hutus who were against the hostile behavior that Habyarimana's command imposed. Those Hutu's against the regimes, may have had their names listed in the paper as a target to strike. Supported by the Rwandan government, the Kangura received significant fundings and were even allowed access to printing presses for their first few issues. Kanagura's journalist, Hassan Ngeze, was best known for writing the Hutu Ten Commandments. These commandments state any Hutu who conducted business, married or interacted in any way with a Tutsi was considered a traitor. Furthermore, the text offered guidance to Hutu's on what kind of weapons to use, though in a secret code. Referring to the Tutsi as "cockroaches" or "inyenzi", which meant enemy. The the newspaper stopped printing at the beginning of the genocide, it still had a lasting impact on the Rwandan society.
(Vaksberg)
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLMC)
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collins, sometimes called Hate Radio in Rwanda, was created in June of 1993. As the majority of Rwanda was illiterate, the radio became the main news source, which allowed easy access for Hutu owners to express their hate. Founded by Ferdinand Nahimana along with partner Jean-Bosco Barayagwiz, the radio station claimed to be independent but had much support from members of the presidential party. Simon Bikindi, a famous anti-tustsi and Kantano Hamimana were frequent presenters upon the radio show. The incorporation documents states the intentions of the radio station were to create a united society, but what the document didn't specify was how they intended to do so. Continuing the secret dialect used in newspapers like "cockroaches" and "inkotanyi", the radio station directed the violence, as they specified when to attack. Once RTLMC broadcasted the rumor that Tustsi intended to kill Hutu leaders. Yet this accusation was false, it triggered the killing of hundreds in the Bugesera region. RTLMC speakers even specified the physical traits that Tustsi's acquired, stating "look at their small noses, and then break them". They advised Hutu's to exterminate Tustsi from the face of the earth. Those all around the genocide were aware of the incitement that
(Cengage)
(Cengage)
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Is an international court established in November, 1994 to evaluate those who were an accomplice in the Rwandan Genocide.
On October 23, 2000, the trial of hate media began, which prosecuted people using media to encourage the rwandan genocide. On August 19, 2003 Ferdinand Nahimana and Hassan Ngeze were sentenced to life in jail, along with Jean-Bosco Barayagwiz, 35 years. They were convicted of "incitement to genocide, conspiracy, and crimes against humanity, extermination and persecution."
(Staff Writers)
Is an international court established in November, 1994 to evaluate those who were an accomplice in the Rwandan Genocide.
On October 23, 2000, the trial of hate media began, which prosecuted people using media to encourage the rwandan genocide. On August 19, 2003 Ferdinand Nahimana and Hassan Ngeze were sentenced to life in jail, along with Jean-Bosco Barayagwiz, 35 years. They were convicted of "incitement to genocide, conspiracy, and crimes against humanity, extermination and persecution."
(Staff Writers)